Сегодня мы потренируемся употреблять согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses) в английском языке.
В этом уроке 8 упражнений с ответами, но сначала давайте повторим правила согласования времен.
Основное правило согласования времен
Если главное предложение в настоящем времени, то время в придаточном не меняется. Например:
- I know that you study English. – Я знаю, что ты учишь английский.
Если главное предложение в прошедшем времени, то в придаточном происходит смещение времен “на шаг назад”. Например:
- I knew that you studied English. – Я знал, что ты учишь английский.
В таблице приведены правила согласования времен в английском языке:
Простое предложение | Сложное предложение с согласованием |
Present Simple I like pizza. | Past Simple He knew (that) she liked pizza. |
Present Continuous I’m sleeping. | Past Continuous He knew (that) she was sleeping. |
Present Perfect I have traveled a lot. | Past Perfect He knew (that) she had traveled a lot. |
Past Simple I got a job in 2018. | Past Perfect He knew (that) she had got a job in 2018. |
Past Continuous I was reading all evening. | Past Perfect Continuous He knew (that) she had been reading all evening. |
Will I will write to you later. | Would He knew (that) she would write to him later. |
При согласовании времен и в косвенной речи указатели времени меняются:
- Sally: I went swimming yesterday.
- Sally said (that) she had gone swimming the day before.
Упражнение 1. Указатели времени при согласовании времен
Упражнение 2. Заполните пропуски правильной формой глагола
Example:
He lives in London. – Он живет в Лондоне. (глагол в Present Simple)
I thought (that) he lived in London. – Я думал, что он живет в Лондоне. (глагол меняется на Past Simple)
Упражнение 3. Напишите в пропусках правильную форму глагола
Согласование с Past Simple не обязательно, если есть указание, когда произошло действие.
Example:
She left Moscow on Sunday. (глагол в Past Simple)
He said that she left / had left Moscow on Sunday. (глагол в Past Simple/Past Perfect)
Упражнение 4. Впишите в пропуски глаголы в правильной форме
Example:
I‘m having breakfast. (глагол в Present Continuous)
She said she was having breakfast. (глагол в Past Continuous)
Больше уроков по теме:
Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски глаголом в правильной форме
Example:
I’ve been to Morocco twice. (глагол в Present Perfect)
He said he had been to Morocco twice. (глагол в Past Perfect)
Упражнение 6. Напишите глаголы в правильной форме
Example:
I will come to Ben’s birthday party. (глагол will)
He said he would come to Ben’s party. (глагол would)
Упражнение 7. Напишите глаголы в правильной форме
При согласовании модальные глаголы меняются: Can → Could, Must → Must / Had to, Have to → Had to, May → Might
Не меняются: Should, Ought to, Might
Упражнение 8. Заполните пропуски правильной формой глагола
Ответы:
Упражнение 1.
- today – that day
- yesterday – the day before
- tomorrow – the next/following day
- a year ago – a year before
- next weekend – the following weekend
- last week – the previous week
- these days – those days
- last month – the previous month
- now – then
- this evening – that evening
Упражнение 2.
- I knew that she collected stamps.
- I knew that they went surfing every day.
- I didn’t know he was a doctor.
- I thought that they were volunteers.
- I heard he worked in a school.
Упражнение 3.
- I didn’t know he had written/wrote many books in the past.
- She said that she had traveled/traveled around Europe in her 20s.
- I heard she bought/had bought a new car.
- They said they visited/had visited France in 2015.
- Kate said she had seen/saw Tom this morning.
Упражнение 4.
- He said the kids were playing in the yard.
- I knew he was taking a day-off.
- I saw they were sunbathing.
- She said she was living in Greece.
- Ken said they were working together.
Упражнение 5.
- Mary said she had seen that movie before.
- I knew she had been to England twice.
- He said he had passed the exam.
- Vicky mentioned that she had never met a celebrity.
- They told me that they hadn’t applied/had not applied for University yet.
Упражнение 6.
- Harry said that he would write to me.
- Mom said that she would call me soon.
- Nancy said that they would meet on Red Square.
- Lucy said that she would invite all her friends.
- Bruce said that he would move to Japan.
Упражнение 7.
- Jane said that she could do it for me.
- She added she might be late for her class.
- He said he had to work hard.
- Teacher told me (that) I should read every day.
- The doctor said that I had to take a pill every 3 hours.
Упражнение 8.
- Danny said he would wait for me at the square.
- I didn’t know you had studied/studied Japanese at school.
- Hanna said she had read that book before.
- I thought that you liked cooking.
- I saw that the cat was sleeping on the sofa.
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